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A. G. ST. C. ISBESTER. CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE SHIPS, BUILDINGS, TANKS, AND THE LIKE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. l I. 1918.

1 ,3 1 7, 1 37 Patented Sept. 23, 1919.

By 9509M 6 22 n COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH c0. WASHINGTON. I: c.

UNI IZE: STATES REN'I nrion.

ARTHURVGIEFORI), s1. CLAIR ISBESTER, 0F TAKAPUNA, NEW ZEALAND, ASSIGNOR on ONE-THIRD TO JAMES HAMILTON. CAMPBELL HUNTER, or PARNELL, AUCKLAND,

new ZEALAND.

CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE SHIPS, BUILDINGS, TA-N KS, AND THE LIKE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR GIFFORD ST. CLAIR IsBEs'rnR, a citizen of the Dominlon of New Zealand, and residing at Gibbons Road, Takapuna, in the Provincial District of Auckland, in the Dominion of New Zealand, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Construction of Clon crete Ships, Buildings, Tanks, and the like, of which the following is a speeificatlon.

This invention relates to concrete structures and provides an improved construction whereby the disadvantage inherent in the usual monolithic construction are overcome.

The invention consists in making concrete structures of pre-cast sections united together by means whereby the joints between the sections are Watertight.

In this specification the invention will be described as applied to the construction of a ships hull, in which the invention is specially advantageous, as the necessary elasticity is provided, so that the various strains to which the hull is subjected are met or absorbed.

The drawing herewith illustrates the 1nvention:-

Figure 1 is a perspective view partly 1n section of sections in position,

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of diagonal lining,

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a dowel,

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of dowels and their fastening,

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a dog.

The planks 1 are made of concrete cast in molds and reinforced by rods 2, and are properly cured and tested. The upper edge of each section is provided on its inner face with a longitudinal backing rib 3, which forms a rabbet 4 for superposed planks 1. At butt joints 5 where planks meet end to end a vertical rib 6 extends inward and downward from the backing rib 3 at one end of each plank and is made with a vertical rabbet 7 to receive the end of the next plank.

The planks 1 are united vertically by dowels 8, which have plits 9 at their upper ends, and spear shaped heads 10 at their lower ends. The planks are made with vertical holes 11 to receive the dowels 8 and the said holes have sloping shoulders 12 into Patented Sept. 23, 1919.

Application filed September 11, 1918. Serial No. 253,594.

which the dowels fit after the splits 9 have been opened and made to fit upon the spear head 10 of a superposed dowel. The upper ends of the dowels are held closed upon spear heads by binding loops 13. Where a dowel is located at the ends of two adjacent planks, the dog 14 is used instead of the loop 13, and has projections 15, which enter recesses formed in the top of each plank.

- The dog has a hole 16 which fits upon the upper end of the dowels as shown in Fig. 1. The dowels S, loops 13 and dogs 14 are all grouted in position by cement.

The framing of the vessel is pre-cast in molds and is made of reinforced concrete. In the drawing the ribs 17 are shown reinforced by rods or bars 18 and the loops 13 are connected to the said rods or bars, which are cast therewith and project therefrom. Gaps 19 are left in the backing ribs 3 to alll)ow the planks 1 to lie against the said r1 s.

The horizontal joints between the planks are made by layers of felt 20 and the vertical joints between the ends of the planks by strips of felt 21 and strips of felt are inserted between the planks 1 and the ribs or framing 17 The inner lining of the hull is made of reinforced concrete planks 22 arranged diagonally as shown in Fig. 2, so that thrusts set up by strains upon the hull are taken at least partially endwise of the said planks.

The felt layers 20 and strips 21 afford the necessary flexibility to give elasticity to the hull, which yields sufiiciently to strains to avoid cracking of the concrete, which would occur in a monolithic concrete ship made of the same weight of material.

lVhat I do claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A structure comprising reinforced concrete planks, dowels uniting the planks edge to edge, dogs uniting the planks end to end and having an opening in their medial portilons designed to receive certain of said dowe s.

2. A structure comprising reinforced concrete planks, dowels uniting the planks edge to edge, dogs uniting the planks end to end, and certain of the dowels passing through certain of the dogs.

3. A structure comprising reinforced conthe planks edge to edge, a reinforced frame supporting the planks, and loops connected I to the reinforcement of the frame and anchored in dowels.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of Witnesses: V W. F. MoCoNNELL, D. E. RAPsoN. 5

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, By addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. p r 1 the frame and engaged with the 

